Download : Fundamentals of Programming C++
A
computer program, from one perspective, is a sequence of instructions
that dictate the flow of electrical impulses within a computer
system. These impulses affect the computer’s memory and interact
with the display screen, keyboard, mouse, and perhaps even other
computers across a network in such a way as to produce the “magic”
that permits humans to perform useful tasks, solve high-level
problems, and play games. One program allows a computer to assume the
role of a financial calculator, while another transforms the machine
into a worthy chess opponent.
The
concepts of computer programming are logical and mathematical in
nature. In theory, computer programs
can be developed without the use of a computer. Programmers can
discuss the viability of a program and reason about its correctness
and efficiency by examining abstract symbols that correspond to the
features of real-world programming languages but appear in no
real-world programming language. While such exercises can be very
valuable, in practice computer programmers are not isolated from
their machines. Software is written to be used on real computer
systems. Computing professionals known as software engineers develop
software to drive particular systems. These systems are defined by
their underlying hardware and operating system. Developers use
concrete tools like compilers, debuggers, and profilers.
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