Sunday, July 1, 2012

The Theory of Everything - Stephen Hawking


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In this series of lectures I shall try to give an outline of what we think is the history of the universe from the big bang to black holes. In the first lecture I shall briefly review past ideas about the universe and how we got to our present picture. One might call this the history of the history of the universe.

In the second lecture I shall describe how both Newton’s and Einstein’s theories of gravity led to the conclusion that the universe could not be static; it had to be either expanding or contracting. This, in turn, implied that there must have been a time between ten and twenty billion years ago when the density of the universe was infinite. This is called the big bang. It would have been the beginning of the universe. In the third lecture I shall talk about black holes. These are formed when a massive star or an even larger body collapses in on itself under its own gravitational pull. According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, anyone foolish enough to fall into a black hole will be lost forever. They will not be able to come out of the black hole again. Instead, history, as far as they are  concerned, will come to a sticky end at a singularity. However, general relativity is a classical theory—that is, it doesn't take into account the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

In the fourth lecture I shall describe how quantum mechanics allows energy to leak out of black holes. Black holes aren’t as black as they are painted.  In the fifth lecture I shall apply quantum mechanical ideas to the big bang and the origin of the universe. This leads to the idea that space–time may be finite in extent but without boundary or edge. It would be like the surface of the Earth but with two more dimensions.

In the sixth lecture I shall show how this new boundary proposal could explain why the past is so different from the future, even though the laws of physics are time symmetric. Finally, in the seventh lecture I shall describe how we are trying to find a unified theory that will include quantum mechanics, gravity, and all the other interactions of physics. If we achieve this, we shall really understand the universe and our position in it.

17 comments:

Unknown said...

Thank you so much for all you do, in making valuable scientific information accessible to people like me. May God bless you!

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

thank you very much friend.....

Digital said...

Thanks for all the comments guys!!!

Pony Boy said...

Dude You did a Good job....Thank You very Much

Digital said...

You welcome!! Thanks for the Comment Pony Boy! Keep Sharing!

Digital said...

Now you can Download! Link fixed!

Unknown said...

thanx for the amazing post

Unknown said...

I downloaded the file and it says that the file has been damaged

himanshu said...

thank u very much

Unknown said...

im unable to download. plz help

Unknown said...

thanx

Gpw Bernard Bautista Rementilla said...

It's sad.Why?

A great scientist that Dr. Stephen Hawking is ... to have captured the wandering minds of his readers beyond the edge of the Universe to the limits of physical horizon of his mathematical lens to conceptualize his "Theory of Everything - The Origin & Fate of the Universe", interestingly on the basis of existing physical theories from the common knowledge of the Physics of Nature to the breathtaking Astro-Physics of the Universe brewed with added scientific insights by Dr Hawking himself wowing us all - his audience of readers - in our journey of knowing ... of understanding his explanations ... Except ... except until we come across our "Inquiries" <> of the Non-physical Cosmos in the context of the following:

A. The ORIGIN of Energy, Forces, etc.:
1. The Origin of Fundamental Energy of the Universe? 2. The Origin of Basic Forces of the Universe? 3. The Origin of the Universe itself? 4. The Origin of 5 Thermodynamic Properties of Life: Entropy, Mass, Volume, Enthalpy, & Temperature ..? - which Mr Hawking's Book has not answered ... It is because, unfortunately, Mr Hawking limits himself in focusing his lens in the confine of the Physical Energy of the Universe to address & explain his Theory of the Universe, while perhaps, he has not recalled into his imagination & mind that there are two (2) kinds of Energy Field: Physical Energy Field and the Non-Physical Energy Field <>.

B. Physical Laws & Non-Physical Laws - The Two Aspects of Cosmos:
The Thermodynamic Principles (of Life) as we know in the University Study are 4 and not 3; hence, Mr Hawking's Theory of Everything has not embraced the all-encompassing COSMOS as he limits himself to the Physical Horizon(s) of the Universe....by which any physical laws <> he discusses coupled with his scientific & mathematical insights becomes limited & would not have been valid in applying them to Human Life, extrapolate & explain the Theory of Everything in answering the Inquiries of Life, ultimately, of Human Life which embraces not only Physical Laws (Universe) but also Non-Physical Laws (Cosmos).

Conclusion: Mr Hawking's Book: Theory of Everything is an excellent effort of A Scientist Quest to figure out a Theory of Everything (TOE) to explain all things that exist in the Universe, up to their ends. Thank you, Mr. Stephen Hawking. However, Mr. Hawking is also a victim of the limited range of human knowledge and of human perspective of thinking. It is this limit, unfortunately, in the times of Dr. Erwin Schrodinguer, that a great Mathematical Physicist Schrodinguer himself has not found the all-encompassing Origin of Nature, of Life, as he, too, has failed to define & explain Life in the context of scientific & mathematical attributes of nature.

Unknown said...

Really thanks

solo particles said...

This blog is very good, and its very helpful

Anonymous said...

i realy thanks Sir Stephen William Hawking to write such an amazing book...it is outstanding and now,after reading this book,i am able to understand so many things which were confusing me.....so thanks again sir!!!

Fossil Global said...

Brother for this good deed you will find a place in heaven in afterlife.

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