TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview

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The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite has become
the industry-standard method of interconnecting hosts, networks, and the Internet. As such, it is seen as the engine behind the Internet and networks worldwide.

Although TCP/IP supports a host of applications, both standard and non standard, these applications could not exist without the foundation of a set of
core protocols. Additionally, in order to understand the capability of TCP/IP applications, an understanding of these core protocols must be realized.

With this in mind, Part I begins with providing a background of TCP/IP, the
current architecture, standards, and most recent trends. Next, the section
explores the two aspects vital to the IP stack itself. This portion begins with a
discussion of the network interfaces most commonly used to allow the protocol
suite to interface with the physical network media. This is followed by the protocols that must be implemented in any stack, including protocols belonging
to the IP and transport layers.

Finally, other standard protocols exist that might not necessarily be required in
every implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite. However, there are those that
can be very useful given certain operational needs of the implementation. Such
protocols include IP version 6, quality of service protocols, and wireless IP.

Today, the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are familiar terms to millions of
people all over the world. Many people depend on applications enabled by the
Internet, such as electronic mail and Web access. In addition, the increase in
popularity of business applications places additional emphasis on the Internet.
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite is
the engine for the Internet and networks worldwide. Its simplicity and power has
led to its becoming the single network protocol of choice in the world today. In
this chapter, we give an overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite. We discuss how
the Internet was formed, how it developed, and how it is likely to develop in the
future.