New Age Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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Biotechnology essentially and predominantly deals with the meticulous application of living organisms or their corresponding products in a variety of large-scale industrial processes. Besides, biotechnology is extremely multidisciplinary in nature ; it has its foundations and domain prominently spread in a wide spectrum of fields, such as : pharmaceutical sciences, microbiology, biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, genetic engineering, chemistry, and chemical and process engineering. Therefore, it may be genuinely and rightly regarded as a series of ‘enabling technologies’ embracing the practical application of host specific organisms and their respective cellular components to either environmental management or to manufacturing and service industries. Interestingly, from a historical aspect biotechnology could be regarded as a pragmatic, realistic, and tangible strategy to an ‘art’ more than a ‘science’, which may be enormously exemplified and duly expatiated in the commercial production of wines, beers, cheeses, and the like, whereby the modus operandi of various techniques involved were well-known and reproducible, but the exact molecular mechanisms were not known adequately.

Nevertheless, at present biotechnology is passing through an amazing growth phase whose ultimate destiny is not too far in sight. With the advent of major advances in the better in-depth knowledge of ‘microbiology’ and ‘biochemistry’, these molecular mechanisms (viz., processes) have been rendered more logically understandable. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, based entirely on modern biotechnological techniques, as to date encompass a wider range of altogether newer medicinal compounds, e.g., antibiotics, vaccines, and monclonal antibodies (MABs) that may now be produced commercially using well-defined, optimized, and improved fermentative methodologies. In fact, genetic engineering has brought in a sea change by virtue of the directed construction of microorganisms resulting in a plethora of newer life-saving drugs.